Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. While some breast cancer risk factors cannot be changed, there are steps you can take that may lower your risk.
Understanding your personal risk can also help you and your healthcare provider make informed decisions about screening and prevention.
Having a risk factor does not mean you will develop breast cancer. In fact, some people who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors. Breast cancer risk is influenced by a combination of factors, including age, genetics, family history, reproductive history, lifestyle, and overall health.
Risk Factors You Can’t Change
Some breast cancer risk factors are outside your control. Knowing about them can help you and your healthcare provider understand your individual risk.
Age
The risk of breast cancer increases as you get older. Most breast cancers are diagnosed after age 50.
However, breast cancer can occur at any age. If you notice a change in your breast or have concerns about your breast health, don’t wait for your next screening to talk with your healthcare provider.
Family History
Having a close family member with breast cancer may increase your risk, especially if your mother, sister, or daughter had breast cancer. Your risk may also be higher if several relatives have had breast or ovarian cancer, if a relative was diagnosed at a young age, or if a male relative has had breast cancer.
Remember that your father’s side of the family matters, too. Be sure to tell your healthcare provider about cancer history on both sides of your family.
Breast Density
Breast density refers to the amount of fibrous and glandular tissue compared with fatty tissue in the breast. Dense breasts are common and are not an illness. However, having dense breasts can increase breast cancer risk and can make some cancers harder to see on a mammogram.
If your mammogram shows that you have dense breasts, talk with your healthcare provider about what that means for you and whether additional screening is recommended.
Reproductive History
Certain reproductive factors can affect breast cancer risk because they influence how long breast tissue is exposed to hormones. For example, starting menstrual periods at a younger age or going through menopause at an older age can slightly increase risk.
These factors are part of your medical history—not choices you need to feel guilty about.
Steps That May Lower Your Risk
You can’t control every breast cancer risk factor—and you don’t need to make your health perfect to make a difference.
Some everyday choices can help lower your risk.
Staying Physically Active
Regular physical activity is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Find activities you enjoy, whether that’s walking, hiking, dancing, swimming, biking, or another form of movement.
The goal is to make physical activity a regular part of your routine.
Limit Alcohol
Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer, and the risk increases as alcohol consumption increases.
If you drink alcohol, drinking less can help lower your risk.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Having overweight or obesity after menopause is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer.
Rather than focusing on a specific number on the scale, talk with your healthcare provider about healthy habits that support your overall health.
Talk to Your Provider About Hormones
Some forms of menopausal hormone therapy can increase breast cancer risk. The level of risk depends on the type of hormone therapy, how long it is used, and individual factors.
If you use or are considering hormone therapy for menopause symptoms, talk with your healthcare provider about the potential benefits and risks. Don’t stop a prescribed medication without talking with your provider first.
Know Your Risk and Your Screening Plan
There is no single way to predict who will develop breast cancer. Your healthcare provider can look at your family history, personal health history, reproductive history, and other factors to help estimate your risk and determine whether you may benefit from additional screening or prevention strategies.
Most importantly, don’t let your risk factors discourage you from taking care of your breast health. Some factors are outside your control, but there are still meaningful steps you can take.
Have questions about your breast cancer risk or when you should get a mammogram? Talk with your NOAH provider about your breast health and screening needs. We can help you understand your risk and connect you with the care you need.