Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors: What You Can and Can’t Control

While regular screenings are essential, understanding the various risk factors for breast cancer can help you to make informed decisions about your health. 

Uncontrollable Risk Factors (things you can’t change)

Some risk factors are beyond our control but knowing them can help guide important health decisions.

Age

As we age, cells change in several ways, which can lead to cancer. Breast cancer can develop at any age, although most people are over 50 at the time of diagnosis. However, a recent study by the American Cancer Society found a 1.4% annual increase in breast cancer diagnoses among women under 50 between 2012 and 2021.

Early-onset breast cancer, diagnosed between ages 18 and 45, may be more advanced when found in younger individuals, as routine screenings typically begin at age 40 or older.

Genetics

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes, present in everyone, that produce proteins to help repair damaged DNA. Everyone has two of these genes, one passed down from each parent. Unfortunately, some people inherit harmful changes in one of these genes that can increase their risk for several cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancer

While these harmful changes can be inherited, they can also arise later in life.

Hormonal Factors

Reaching menopause (the natural process that ends a woman’s periods and ability to get pregnant) after age 55 increases a woman’s breast cancer risk. During a woman’s menstrual cycle, estrogen stimulates the breast tissue. So, the more menstrual periods a woman has, the longer these tissues are exposed to estrogen, increasing the risk of breast cancer.  

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Hormonal replacement therapies (HRT) are medications that provide additional hormones meant to reduce pre- or post-menopausal symptoms. 

HRTs are made of estrogen and progestin. Progestin is a synthetic version of progesterone, a naturally occurring reproductive hormone everyone has.

However, prolonged or high exposure to these hormones has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, including breast cancer.

Family History

A family history of breast cancer is significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In fact, 13-19% of breast cancer patients report a first-degree relative with the same condition

Regardless of age, those with a family history are at a higher risk of diagnosis. 

Additional Uncontrollable Risk Factors:

  • Race/ethnicity
  • Reproductive history
  • Density of breast tissue
  • Personal history of breast cancer and benign breast diseases
  • Previous radiation therapy

Controllable Risk Factors (things you can change)

While some factors are out of our hands, certain lifestyle choices can increase the risk of developing breast cancer. 

Lifestyle Choices

Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, limiting alcohol consumption, avoiding smoking, and keeping a healthy weight can reduce the risk of breast cancer. Poor eating habits, excessive consumption of trans fats, and irregular working hours disrupt the body’s physiological processes, raising cancer risk

Physical Activity

Research has found that women with a history of breast cancer who engaged in 2-3 hours of brisk walking per week, along with additional aerobic exercises (jogging, hiking, swimming, etc.), had a significantly lower chance of recurrence compared to inactive women.

Consumption of Processed Foods/Diet

Unhealthy eating habits—such as consuming high-fat dairy products, processed meat, refined grains, and sugary drinks—increase cancer risk. 

A diet high in vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and lean protein is associated with a lowered risk of breast cancer.

Your Path to Prevention

While some factors, like age and genetics, are beyond your control, adopting a healthy lifestyle, staying physically active, and making mindful choices can help reduce your risk.

Don’t be afraid to discuss the risks of certain hormone therapies with your healthcare provider, especially when managing menopausal symptoms. By staying informed and educated on breast cancer risks and symptoms, you can begin to take meaningful steps toward protecting your health and well-being.

Haven’t had your annual mammogram yet? Schedule your well-woman exam with your NOAH provider today, and we’ll help you get a referral to book your appointment.

Raise Your Domestic Violence Awareness

Domestic violence impacts millions of men and women every year. The more we know about identifying possible victims and offering support, the more individuals and families will get the help they deserve. Approximately one in four women and one in 10 men will experience domestic violence in their lives.

The Truth About Identifying Victims

The true nature of domestic violence makes it difficult to identify. Victims are often scared and shamed by their perpetrator, and they are hesitant to come forward. Knowing how to identify the signs of domestic violence could someday help save someone’s life. 

  • Physical signs such as bruises, cuts, or other marks on the victim’s body are a big indicator, these are often hidden with clothing or makeup, or by creating an untrue story of the origin of the injury.
  • Emotional signs like fear, low self-esteem, timidity, depressed mood, substance abuse, isolation and others are important to notice.

There can be other signs, but in general, noticing some of the above are strong indicators, especially if behavior changes.

How You Can Help

Many people still view domestic violence as a private family matter, but it isn’t. It is a public health and social issue that impacts the safety of the community.

If you believe someone is experiencing domestic violence in a relationship, there are ways to help. How you approach helping is very important because it can mean the safety of everyone involved.

You can help by:

  • providing emotional support for the victim by listening to and reassuring them that they do not deserve to be abused
  • letting the victim know that you worry for their health and safety
  • offering resources that can help them get out of the relationship
  • NEVER confronting the perpetrator
  • suggesting that the victim remove weapons from the home such as firearms, knives, etc.
  • helping the victim create a Safety Plan (see more details below)

A Safety Plan should include:

  • hidden bag packed with essentials like ID, money, car keys, etc. in case they have to leave quickly
  • list of numbers for hospitals, shelters, hotlines, and other community resources
  • a safe space for the victim (and possibly children) to go with other family, friends, or a shelter

If you see that a victim is in immediate danger, call 911. And if you are the victim of domestic abuse, there are resources and many professionals, like our team at NOAH, who can listen and provide resources to help.  

Domestic violence resources:

Breast Cancer Screenings and What You Need to Know

At NOAH, your health is our top priority, and navigating breast cancer screenings can feel overwhelming. If you’re uncertain about when to start, how often to screen, or the process of scheduling a mammogram, our team is here to help.

Who Should Get Screened?

Breast cancer screening is recommended for all women who do not have symptoms and have never had breast cancer. Screening is most beneficial for women at average risk of developing breast cancer.

What Does Breast Cancer Screening Look Like?

Breast cancer screening involves mammography, a low-dose X-ray that helps detect early signs of breast cancer, even before symptoms appear. During a mammogram, your breasts are compressed between two firm surfaces to spread out the breast tissue, allowing for a clearer image. The test is generally painless and only takes a few moments, with some mild discomfort from the pressure or squeezing sensation.

After images are made of both breasts, you may be asked to wait while your care team checks the quality of the images. The entire process usually takes less than 30 minutes.

Mammograms are one of the most effective tools for early detection. While a positive result doesn’t confirm cancer, further testing will help determine next steps.

Where Can You Get Screened?

Due to the specialized equipment required, mammograms are usually taken at a medical imaging facility and often require a referral from your primary care provider. At NOAH, our providers are dedicated to making sure you get the care you need stress-free:

  1. Schedule a well-woman exam with your NOAH health provider.
  2. During your visit, request an order or referral for a mammogram. Depending on your insurance, your provider will refer you to either Southwest Medical Imaging (SMIL) or SimonMed Imaging.
  3. Once you have the referral, schedule your mammogram appointment.
  4. If you are underinsured or uninsured and need to visit SMIL, you can inquire about financial assistance by calling 480-657-2500 (Option 5).
  5. Have questions about getting a mammogram or need help finding a location? Call NOAH’s Community Health Worker at 480-546-8115.

When Should You Get Screened?

NOAH recommends women at average risk for breast cancer get screened every other year starting at age 50. However, every situation is unique and recommendations may vary based on health history and risk. It’s not uncommon for women to get routine mammograms in their 40s or even 30s. Ultimately the decision on when and how often to screen should be a joint decision between you and your provider.

Why Is Screening Important?

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the U.S. Early detection through screening significantly increases the chances of effective treatment and survival. Simply put, early detection can save your life.

For any questions or concerns, reach out to schedule an appointment with one of our providers today.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is More Than Pink

Breast cancer awareness is often symbolized by the color pink throughout October, but at NOAH, we believe it’s important to go beyond the symbol. We want you and your loved ones to be fully informed about breast cancer—understanding the risks, recognizing the signs and symptoms, and knowing about diagnosis, treatment options, and more. NOAH is here to support you every step of the way.

Breast Cancer Awareness Fast Facts:

  • Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but according to the American Cancer Society, men can get breast cancer too.
  • Breast cancer is often (though not always) detected by a lump in the breast. However, most lumps in the breast are benign (not cancerous), but ALL lumps should be checked by your provider.
  • There are different kinds of breast cancer that start in different areas of the breast.
  • Alcohol increases the risk of developing breast cancer. An average of 1 drink per day increases risk by 7-10% while 2 to 3 drinks per day increases risk by 20%!
  • Being physically active and maintaining a healthy weight are the best things to do to prevent breast cancer. This is especially true for women after menopause.
  • Mammograms and breast ultrasounds are the most commonly used, and the most effective screening tool available to detect breast cancer early.
  • There is little to no benefit of doing self-breast exams or clinical breast exams, but women should still be alert and see a provider if anything looks or feels different.

Treatments for breast cancer will vary depending on the type of breast cancer and when it is diagnosed. At NOAH, we want to work with you to keep a healthy lifestyle, focus on prevention, answer any questions you have, support you through a diagnosis, and help you during treatment.

To learn more about breast cancer risks, types, treatments, and more, check out the American Cancer Society’s Breast Cancer section. To talk with your NOAH provider about any questions you have, request an appointment today.

Heart-Healthy Foods for October: Boost Your Wellness This Fall

As the weather cools down and fall colors take over, it’s a perfect time to focus on heart-healthy foods that can keep you feeling your best. The fresh, seasonal produce and wholesome ingredients available in October make it easier to enjoy nutritious meals that support your heart health. Here are some heart-friendly foods to include in your diet this month:

  1. Pumpkins & Squash – Rich in fiber and antioxidants, these fall staples help lower cholesterol levels and keep your heart happy.
  2. Sweet Potatoes – High in potassium and vitamin C, they help regulate blood pressure and strengthen your immune system.
  3. Kale & Leafy Greens – Packed with vitamins and minerals, they support overall cardiovascular health.
  4. Pomegranates & Apples – These fruits are rich in antioxidants, which help reduce inflammation and improve blood flow.
  5. Nuts & Seeds – Almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds are excellent sources of heart-healthy fats that can lower bad cholesterol.
  6. Salmon – Full of omega-3 fatty acids, salmon can help lower the risk of heart disease by reducing inflammation.
  7. Olive Oil – A staple in heart-healthy diets, olive oil is loaded with good fats that protect the heart.

This fall, make sure to fill your plate with these vibrant, nutrient-rich foods. Your heart will thank you!

If you’re looking for more personalized advice, schedule an appointment with a NOAH provider today to get started on a heart-healthy lifestyle. Call 480-882-4545 or Request and Appointment.

#HealthyEating #HeartHealth #OctoberWellness #NOAHCares

Medication Shape, Size, and Color – What Does it Mean?

Medication Shape, Size, and Color – What Does it Mean?

When you pick up your medication from NOAH’s Pharmacy or elsewhere, you might notice that it comes in different shapes, sizes, or colors. Have you ever wondered why? These differences aren’t just for looks—they can actually play an important role in how your medication works or how easy it is for you to take. Let’s break it down:

Shape

The shape of a pill or tablet can affect how quickly it dissolves in your body. Some medications are round, oval, or even oblong. These shapes can be designed to help the pill break down faster or slower, depending on how the medicine needs to be absorbed. For example, a smaller, round pill might dissolve quicker than a larger, oblong one.

Size

The size of your medication matters too. Larger pills often contain more of the active ingredient, meaning they deliver a higher dose. However, bigger pills can sometimes be harder to swallow, so they may be designed to be taken with water or split in half if your doctor advises it.

Color

Color can be one of the easiest ways to identify your medication. Different colors help patients recognize their medications more easily and avoid mistakes. For example, you might take a blue pill in the morning and a white pill at night. This makes it less likely to mix them up. Sometimes, color is used to represent different strengths of the same medication.

Why Should You Care?

The shape, size, and color of your medication can impact how you take it and how well it works. Understanding these details can help you stay on top of your medication routine. If your pill ever looks different from what you’re used to, sometimes the answer is as simple as a different manufacturer, but it’s always a good idea to ask your pharmacist if anything has changed.

Learn more about NOAH’s Pharmacy services or request an appointment online. Remember, your NOAH healthcare team is here to help, if you have questions, feel free to reach out to your provider via MyChart or by calling 480-882-4545.

September is Blood Cancer Awareness Month

If you see red ribbons popping up, it’s because September is Blood Cancer Awareness Month — and for good reason. Every 3 minutes, someone in the United States learns they have a blood cancer.

Blood cancers are a complex and diverse group of diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. These cancers originate in the blood-forming tissues, such as the bone marrow, and can disrupt the normal functioning of the circulatory and immune systems. While advances in treatment have led to improved outcomes and longer lifespans for many patients, it is crucial to acknowledge that more than a third of individuals diagnosed with blood cancer still face a challenging prognosis, with fewer than five years to live.

Signs and Symptoms of Blood Cancer

Blood cancers can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, and these symptoms often depend on the type and stage of the cancer. Generally, blood cancers can be categorized into leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, each with its own unique set of signs and symptoms.

  1. Leukemia – is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. Common symptoms of leukemia may include:
    • Fever
    • Lethargy
    • Paleness and shortness of breath
    • Increased bruising and bleeding
  2. Lymphoma – Lymphomas originate in the lymphatic system, a crucial part of the immune systems. Symptoms of lymphoma may include:
    • Swollen lymph nodes
    • Fever and night sweats
    • Unexplained weight loss
    • Fatigue
  3. Myeloma – Myeloma primarily affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. While some individuals may not show symptoms, others may experience symptoms such as:
    • Bone pain
    • Weakness, fatigue, and paleness
    • Frequent bacterial infections

Recommended Screenings and Prevention

Unlike some other types of cancer, there are no routine screening guidelines for blood cancers. However, regular wellness check-ups that include routine blood testing, such as a complete blood count (CBC), can help detect some blood cancers.

While there is no surefire way to completely prevent blood cancer, several lifestyle choices can reduce your risk:

  1. Avoid smoking
  2. Maintain a healthy diet
  3. Get regular exercise

It is also essential to discuss your risk factors with a healthcare provider if you have:

  • A personal or family history – If you or a family member have been diagnosed with blood cancer, your risk may be higher
  • Previous radiation or chemotherapy – Past cancer treatments may increase the risk of developing secondary blood cancers
  • High exposure to radiation – Occupational or environmental exposure to radiation may be a risk factor

Blood cancers are complex diseases that can present with a wide range of symptoms. Early detection and awareness of these symptoms are vital for improving treatment outcomes and increasing the chances of survival. While there are no established screening methods, regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can contribute to reducing the risk of blood cancer. If you experience any of the described symptoms or have risk factors, do not hesitate to reach out to your NOAH provider.

What You Need to Know About the Listeria Outbreak

Recently, health officials have raised concerns about a large Listeria outbreak connected to deli meats, marking the most significant outbreak since 2011. The outbreak has been linked to products distributed from a plant with unsanitary conditions, and while it may not directly affect all Arizona residents, it’s important to know the risks, especially for certain vulnerable groups.

What is Listeria?

Listeria is a type of bacteria that can cause an illness called listeriosis. This infection is typically caused by eating contaminated foods like deli meats, cheeses, and other ready-to-eat items. Deli meats, in particular, are more prone to Listeria contamination because the bacteria can thrive in cold temperatures and spread easily. The environment in which deli meats are processed, often involving high moisture and slicing equipment, provides the perfect conditions for bacteria to grow.

In addition to deli meats, Listeria can also be found in raw fruits and vegetables, which can become contaminated through soil, water, or unsanitary handling.

While many healthy people might not experience symptoms or only have mild issues such as diarrhea or fever, others can become seriously ill.

Who Should Be Cautious?

Certain groups are more vulnerable to severe effects of listeriosis, including:

  • Pregnant women: Listeria can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious infections in newborns.
  • Older adults: People over 65 may experience more severe symptoms, including blood infections and meningitis.
  • People with weakened immune systems: Those undergoing treatments like chemotherapy or who have chronic conditions should be cautious, as listeriosis can be life-threatening for them.

What Are the Symptoms?

Symptoms of listeriosis typically appear 1-4 weeks after eating contaminated food but may start as early as the same day or as late as 70 days after. Common signs include:

  • Fever
  • Muscle aches
  • Nausea or diarrhea
  • In more severe cases, especially in high-risk groups, symptoms can worsen to include confusion, loss of balance, and even convulsions.

How to Stay Safe

Though Arizona has been linked to this outbreak, not all products are affected. However, it’s important to:

  • Avoid deli meats and cheeses unless they are thoroughly cooked.
  • Refrigerate perishable items within two hours.
  • Follow proper food safety guidelines, such as keeping your refrigerator clean and setting it to 40°F or below.

What to Do If You’re Concerned

If you or a loved one is at higher risk and starts experiencing symptoms after eating deli meats or processed foods, it’s important to seek medical care. Early treatment with antibiotics can help prevent more serious complications. For any concerns, don’t hesitate to contact your NOAH healthcare provider. Staying informed and following food safety practices can greatly reduce your risk of listeriosis.

Skin Care Tips for Teens

“Adolescence can be a tough time – especially on your teen’s skin! Almost 8 out of 10 teenagers will have acne at some point,” says NOAH pediatrician Dr. Deborah Bauer. This is because the changing hormones cause an increase in oil production and can lead to clogged pores. This can happen all over your child’s body, not just their face. And while acne isn’t dangerous for their health, it can cause scars and decrease their self-esteem.

Here are a few pointers for home care of your teen’s skin:

  • Keep it clean: They should wash their face with warm water and a gentle cleanser twice per day. CeraVe, Cetaphil and Dove make reasonably-priced and effective cleansers.
  • Be gentle: Harsh scrubbing or rough washcloths are not recommended. Your teen should be using just their hands to gently rub in the cleanser and rinse off.  Very hot water or very cold water should not be used.
  • Stick to the routine: Oily skin and acne can last for months or years, so it’s important to have a good skin routine to minimize the effects. Remind your teen to always remove make-up before sleeping.  And change sheets and pillowcases frequently.
  • Don’t pop pimples: Although it’s tempting, squeezing pimples will only make things worse. Not only will they introduce more oil onto their skin from their hands, but this will probably push the oil deeper into the skin and cause inflammation and swelling.
  • Keep moisturizing: Drying out their face can actually lead to more acne because their body will try to produce even more oils to keep their face from being so dry. Make sure the moisturizer bottle says “oil free” or “noncomedogenic” on it so it doesn’t clog their pores more.
  • Use sun block: This is important for every child, but especially for those with acne. The sun’s rays can irritate skin and make acne and scars much, much worse. Make sure the sunscreen is at least SPF 15.

Some kids even need prescription medication to help manage acne, and our NOAH Pediatricians are here to help with that too!

For more information about taking care of your skin, visit the American Academy of Dermatology.

Should I see a DO, MD, PA, or NP?

In healthcare, understanding the different types of providers and their qualifications can help you make more informed decisions about your care. While doctors, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants share some responsibilities, they also have distinct differences that may influence which is best for your family’s needs.

To help you compare, review the chart below for an overview on the requirements and credentials for each position.

Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics

DO: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine – DOs use the same medical techniques as MDs but place a stronger emphasis on holistic health and preventive care, considering the whole person—mind, body, and emotions—in their treatment approach. DOs have all of the same responsibilities and rights as an MD, with an additional 200 hours of training in osteopathic manipulative treatment. Some DOs may take a holistic approach to medicine, but not all of them will.

MD: Doctor of Medicine – MDs practice conventional or biomedicine forms of medicine and are licensed to treat symptoms and diseases, as well as perform specialty surgeries. MDs are trained experts for youth, adult, and geriatric care across the spectrum. 

NP: Nurse Practitioner – Nurse practitioners treat the whole person and guide each patient to make smart health and lifestyle choices. NPs have a nursing type training that is based on diagnosis and treatment of patients, as well as a focus on psychosocial support and counseling.

PA: Physician Associate – Physician associates (also called physician assistants) have extensive medical training to diagnose illness, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and serve as a patient’s primary healthcare provider. They see patients on their own just like a doctor or nurse practitioner does but must be under the general supervision of a doctor.

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)Medical Doctor (MD)Nurse Practitioner (NP)Physician Associate (PA)
Education/DegreeBachelor’s Degree and Doctor of Osteopathy + 200 hours of training in osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT)Bachelor’s Degree and Doctor of Medicine (MD) Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree in Nursing: Nurse Practitioner LicenseBachelor’s and Master’s Degree in Physician Associate; Physician Associate-Certified (PA-C)
Total Post High School Education8 years8 years6-8 years6-7 years
Residency3-9 years3-8 yearsNoneOptional 1-2 years
RecertificationAnnual board certification maintenance requiredAnnual board certification maintenance required1000 professional practice hours and 12 continued education credits annually OR exam every 5 years100 education hours every 2 years and exam every 10 years
SupervisionIndependentIndependentIndependentMust be supervised by an MD/DO
Prescribe MedicationsYesYesYesYes, when supervised and delegated by a physician
Perform Physical ExamsYesYesYesYes
Order and Interpret TestsYesYesYesYes
Perform SurgeriesYesYesAssistAssist
Deliver BabiesYesYesYesYes
Diagnose and Treat IllnessYesYesYesYes
Best for who?EveryoneEveryoneEveryoneEveryone
This chart is intended to provide an overview of typical education requirements and responsibilities for physicians practicing in the U.S. Individual qualifications and permissions may vary.

Understanding these differences can help you make an informed decision when selecting a healthcare provider. To learn more about our NOAH providers, visit our provider care team page and find the provider with the credentials that best meet your needs. If you’re still unsure about which type of provider is right for you, don’t worry—just request an appointment, and we’ll work together to ensure you connect with the provider who best meets your needs.